The Law of Large Numbers in Gambling

The game of Mahjong consists of tiles and is played by four players. The Qing dynasty is credited for developing it, which spread across the globe by the early 20th century. Known as Sparrow because of the clacking of the tiles that resembled the chattering of sparrows, its origins are unknown. However, one theory suggests that it's an adaptation of an earlier card game called "madiao." Depending on how you shuffle the tiles, locals have also referred to the game as "dry swimming." It's a game of strategy, luck, and skill, and I'll cover everything you need to know, from the basic rules to the gameplay. What is Mahjong? The South China Morning Post reported that Mahjong, or Mah Jongg, originated more than 300 years ago in China. The game requires four players and is widely played in Asia and around the globe. After being introduced to the United States around 1920 by Joseph P. Babcock, an American businessman who had lived in China, the game gained particular popularity. New York's Abercrombie & Fitch was the first to sell Mahjong sets. The game of Mahjong consists of 144 tiles, each displaying an illustration from one of five categories. Chinese symbols or characters are used in the illustrations. Equipment Needed for Playing Mahjong Before I explain how to play Mahjong, I'll list the equipment you'll need in the sections below. Tiles There are 144 tiles in a Mah Jong (Mahjong) set, usually 30 x 20 x 15mm. Plastic has replaced bone or ivory as a common material for these sets. Below, you can learn more about the types of tiles in Mahjong: Four sets of nine circle tiles numbered 1-9. Among the 36 tiles, nine are in each of four sets. Each set of bamboo tiles contains 36 tiles numbered 1-9. 1. A sparrow or rice bird often depicts one of the bamboos. 2. Red and green bamboos represent 1, 5, 7, and 9. 3. The other bamboo tiles are represented only by green bamboos. Each of the four winds is represented by four tiles. The tiles have 12 dragons: Four Red dragons, which represent bright red characters. Four Green dragons represent bright green characters. Four White dragons, which represent completely blank tiles. A capital letter 'P' is used to denote a white dragon, which stands for 'Pai,' which means pure or white. Suits A mahjong set has numbered tiles called suits. Namely, there are only three suits in Mahjong, bamboos, characters, and dots numbered 1 through 9. There are four tiles of each suit, making 108 tiles in all. Since suit tiles can be chowed, punched, konged, or paired, they offer the most flexibility. Honors The Wind suit is one of two honor suits. Each tile features a compass direction character — north, east, south, and west. In order to recognize and organize this suit, you must learn to read the cardinal direction characters in Chinese. There are four sets with four tiles each. Therefore, there are 16 wind tiles in each game set. Arrows, or dragons, are the other honor suit. Each set of arrow tiles has three tiles. As a result of ancient imperial exams, archery, and Confucius' cardinal virtues, this trio has multiple meanings. Seasons and Flowers Flowers can be worn as an optional suit. Each tile has a picture of a flower and a number ranging from one to four. Interestingly, each region has its way of playing the flower suit. Flowers can be used as wild cards to complete tile combinations or as a Joker in card games. Moreover, you can earn extra points by using flowers. As with the flower tiles, the seasons are associated with a specific wind: Spring – East Summer – South Autumn – West Winter – North Even though each season has only one tile, all four-season tiles match. Wild Card or Jokers Joker tiles can be used in assembling a hand, but for example, you can use four jokers in Southeast Asian and Chinese mahjong variations, including Shanghainese mahjong. On the other hand, you can use eight jokers in American Mahjong. Dice To determine seating and wall breaking, dice are used. There are usually two to three dice in a typical set. Therefore, it would be sufficient to use any six-sided dice. There are, however, some differences between mahjong dice and normal board game dice, including rounded corners and red numbers one and four. Score Cards In Mahjong, hands range in difficulty from 1 to 88 points, and a simple sum is derived by adding the points from each hand. In order to win, Mahjong can be declared with a minimum of eight points in the official Chinese version. Using a scorecard, you can keep track of your score. Wind indicators Wind indicators display the current wind speed. Usually, it's held by the east (dealer). American Mahjong is referred to as a bettor, as the fifth player bets on who will win. Different sizes and shapes are available, but generally, the most common forms are a rotating cylinder, disc, or cube and its placeholder. Scoring Sticks and Coins There are many ways to play Mahjong, considering many elements such as points, cash, coins, or chips, but the most popular method is with scoring sticks, also known as ''bones''. This set is ideal if you have a Mahjong set without scoring sticks or prefer to play with more sticks. Racks and Pushers Tiles are held in racks while pushers, also known as "extending arms" or "helping hands," push the wall into place. Note that racks and pushers were traditionally separate. However, the modern set includes racks attached with pushers to make it more convenient. How to Play Mahjong? There are variations of the game in different regions, but the basic rules of Mahjong are the same: Face the illustration down as you shuffle the tiles. Dice are rolled, and the dealer gets the biggest roll, and the person to their right is the first to play. The players choose 36 tiles and arrange them into two rows of 18 each. After that, the "walls" are pushed forward, leaving a space on the table for discarded tiles. As the players take turns, they draw thirteen tiles from the pool, or the dealer divides them. When the first player draws a tile from the pool, he or she can keep it or discard it so that their total number remains 13. Then, this process is repeated in a circle by the players. After that, you can take a new tile or pick up one discarded by another player. Pong or Kong melds are formed when a player discards a tile, regardless of their turn. Compared to a Chow meld formed when the player to your left discards a tile. Note that a meld made using a discarded tile has to be announced and displayed to the other Mahjong players. The player with four melds, or suits, and a pair wins. The total number of tiles required is fourteen. How to Read Score Cards? Red, blue, or green numbers or letters represent the hands on a scorecard. Using different colors means using different suits since the colors aren't specific to a particular suit. For example, there are no suits for flowers and zeros, which will always be blue. 1-9 In accordance with the tile's specific number (excluding flowers) N,S,E,W North, South, East, West D Dragon R Red Dragon G Green Dragon 0 White Dragon (Soap) F Flower To organize the scorecard, you can use common patterns to categorize hands: Year A year's patterns, such as 2023. 2's, 0's, and 3's would be used in such cases. The white dragon is always used as a zero. 2468 Patterns that require even numbered tiles. Change-up This section varies Quints A hand with at least one quint (5 identical tiles), at least one of which is a Joker. Consecutive Runs Patterns of consecutive numbers. 13579 Patterns that require odd-numbered tiles. Winds-Dragons Patterns requiring wind and dragon tiles. 369 Patterns using 3's, 6's, and 9's. Singles and Pairs Patterns with single and paired tiles. There are several different combinations for each hand. It's possible to find combinations with non-matching tiles, but most have at least two matching identical tiles. Pair Two identical tiles. Pung Three identical tiles. Kong Four identical tiles. Quint Five identical tiles, with the use of Jokers. Sextet Six identical tiles, with the use of Jokers. Each hand has a value for scoring or gambling. The hand is marked with an 'X' or 'C,' depending on whether it is exposed or concealed: E Exposed C Concealed The Charleston (American Mahjong) The "Charleston" sequences before the gameplay are one of the main differences between American-style Mahjong and other Mahjong styles. Charlestons are exchanges of tiles among players. By passing tiles to other Mahjong players during the Charleston, players can get rid of tiles they don't want. There are three stages to the Charleston: The First Charleston (required) The Second Charleston (optional) The Courtesy Pass (optional) Let's examine each stage in more detail in the following sections. First Charleston You, as a player, must perform the first Charleston regardless of how many hands you have drawn from the wall. The step consists of three passes: 1st pass — To the right of each player, three tiles are passed. 2nd pass — Players pass three tiles to each other. 3rd pass — It's the responsibility of each player to pass three tiles to the player on the left. When you perform this step, you can choose to perform a "Blind Pass" by taking one, two, or three tiles and passing them to the player to your left. Second Charleston Performing the Second Charleston is optional and must be agreed upon by all players. Three passes are involved in this step: 1st Pass - Each player passes three tiles to the player on their left. 2nd pass - Players pass three tiles to each other. 3rd pass - Players pass three tiles to their right. It is possible to perform a "Blind Pass" at this step. Courtesy Pass When the First Charleston and Second Charleston are completed, two players who sit across may want to perform one last pass. Depending on the lesser tile request, one, two, or three tiles can be passed. The courtesy pass won't be completed between a player and the player if no tiles are exchanged. When all Charleston steps have been completed, the game can begin. Tips for Playing Mahjong If you still wonder, "how do you play Mahjong?" don't worry, as I will explain several Mahjong gameplay tips in the following sections, such as drawing and discarding tiles, calling tiles, rules of joker in Mahjong, how to end the game, and some common errors. Discarding and Drawing Tiles The excitement begins as players attempt to improve their hands. Since East has 14 tiles, it discards a tile when it starts the game. Unless a discarded tile is called (claimed by another player), the turn passes to the next player on the right. Next, a tile is drawn from the wall. Next, the tiles are taken from where the walls were broken. Finally, when two tiles are high; otherwise, the bottom tile is picked. In either case, the drawn tile can either be discarded or placed in the player's hand and discarded similarly. Their names are announced upon discarded tiles being placed face up in the center of the table. It won't take the other players long to figure out which kind of hand you want to build when you discard a tile. The turn moves to the next player on the left if the next player does not call the discarded tile on the right. Drawing the card, discarding it, and continuing the turn is continued until an interruption occurs by a call. Calling Tiles During the play, any player may use the tile they just discarded if it completes either a pung, kong, quint, sextet or some other exposed hand combination (the types of hands marked with an "X" on the scorecard). When a hand consists of only one tile, it is not permitted to call one for it to be completed. To complete the Mahjong hands, each tile must form a pair with the adjacent tile. Those tiles discarded before the most recent update are called dead tiles. If a player calls for a discarded tile, and that tile doesn't result in Mahjong, the combination completed by that tile is exposed face up on top of the rack and that combination cannot be changed for the rest of the game. Following the discarding of the tile, the player will discard a tile, and if no one else calls it, the turn will go to the player to the right. Some players' turns may be skipped when a tile is called. If several people call at the same time, provisions are made as follows: Any tile a player calls to complete the mahjong hand trumps any tile called by any other player. As long as none of the calls make sense in terms of completing a mahjong hand, the discarded tile will be given to the nearest player to complete the hand. You must draw all the tiles in your hand from the wall to hit a concealed hand (the hand with a "C" next to its value on the scorecard) that has been concealed. Except for the last one, which allows you to declare Mahjong, none of these things may be called tiles except for the last one. Joker Mahjong Rules In addition to tiles used in a pung, a kong, a quartet, and a sextet, jokers can replace any tile in any combination. As a result, you cannot use tiles for completing a pair or a single tile if you have one in hand. It is possible to exchange the joker for a tile in an exposed combination when a joker is substituting a tile if you happen to have the tile that is being replaced: Draw a tile from the wall as usual on your turn, or call for a discard before the turn. Substitute the substitute joker for the actual matching tile. It is possible to exchange multiple matching tiles for the exposed jokers. If you want your hand to remain populated with the right number of tiles, you must discard a tile. As long as the joker creates a combination, you do not have to expose any tiles when you exchange for it. In addition, it is permissible to exchange jokers in dead hands (hands not in the game due to a rule violation). How to End the Mahjong Game? The game of Mahjong ends when a player declares that it has ended or when they have drawn all the tiles on the wall. The game of Mahjong is created when the scorecard is filled in with tiles from the wall or tiles called from a discard. In addition, it may be added a tile from the wall. It is the player who declares "Mahjong" who wins the game. To determine the payout to the winner is based on the value of the hand and the way that Mahjong has been created: Type of Mahjong Payout Mahjong made off a discard. Discarder pays double the hand's value to the winner. Other players pay a single amount. Mahjong made off a draw from the wall. Each player doubles the value of each hand. There are no jokers in Mahjong, and it does not fall into the Singles and Pairs category. Winners of discarding hands are paid four times the hand's value. Other players pay double. A draw from the wall is used in Mahjong, which contains no jokers and is not categorized as Singles or Pairs. Four times the hand value is paid by each player. Draw As long as no Mahjong is called, all tiles from the wall have been collected, and the last discard has been made. The result of this is that no payouts are made as a result. Mahjong Game Rules for Errors Incorrect discards, incorrect exposures, and incorrect calls of Mahjong are some errors that can happen. In these types of situations, there may be penalties that have to be paid. As a general guideline, here are some general guidelines regarding errors: Error Penalty The table has been touched or announced by an accidentally discarded tile. Tile cannot be taken back. A tile has been announced incorrectly. Tile cannot be claimed. Tiles are called but not exposed. The call may be retracted. An incorrect exposure has been made. The exposure may be corrected before discarding. A player has too few or too many tiles. At the end of the game, the player's hand is dead (out of the game), but the winner will receive the same payout as all the other players. There are too few or too many tiles for three players. The game is replayed. Based on the tiles exposed on a player's rack, another discovers that the player's hand is impossible. The player's hand is dead. Mahjong is declared incorrectly in this case, but the hand has not been exposed. No penalty, and the game continues. Mahjong is declared incorrectly, and the hand is exposed. A player's hand is dead. In this game, the player pays the winner. Conclusion Mahjong is an excellent way to learn about Chinese characters, culture, and tradition, keep your brain sharp, and, most importantly, have fun. Learn the different variations of this game, and design your strategy based on your knowledge of the different tiles. FAQ How many players are in a game of Mahjong? Three or four players can participate in the Mahjong game. How many tiles are used per Mahjong game? A Mahjong game requires 144 tiles and two dice. However, the way people play varies from country to country due to cultural differences. How long does a game of Mahjong take? The Mahjong game can last around two hours. Is Mahjong Chinese or Japanese? Mahjong originated in China in the 19th century. How many Mahjong pieces do you start with? There are many variations of Mahjong, but usually, a player starts with 13 tiles Is Mahjong good for your brain? It’s found effective in middle-aged and elderly people that playing Mahjong improves attention, logical thinking, and short-term memory. Is Mahjong based on luck or skill? Mahjong game is a game of skill and luck, 25% and 75%, respectively. Is Mahjong difficult to learn? It’s not the easiest game to master, but the basics of the game can be learned in no time.

Lottery games captivate millions globally, promising life-changing fortunes if you just purchase a ticket. But did you know that even if you do win, you don't receive a large chunk of the prize? In 2022, for instance, a lucky Californian nabbed the biggest lottery win ever, a $2.04 billion Powerball jackpot, but took home "only" $628 million. Our objective here is to delve into the often-overlooked aspect of these games namely their profitability. Stay with us as we unravel the financial fabric of lotteries, a global phenomenon with far-reaching impacts. Overview of Lottery Systems Lotteries have a long and varied history, often intertwined with public welfare and fundraising. The history of lotteries dates back centuries, with their origins rooted in ancient times. The concept of drawing lots is mentioned in numerous historical documents, including the Bible. However, the first recorded signs of a lottery offering tickets for sale with prizes in the form of money appeared in the Low Countries (present-day Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) in the 15th century. These public lotteries were held to raise money for town fortifications and to help the poor. The idea quickly spread across Europe. In England, the first state lottery was held in 1569, with advertisements using the word "lottery" derived from the Dutch word "lot," meaning fate. In the 17th and 18th centuries, lotteries were widely used in Europe and the American colonies to fund public works projects, such as roads, libraries, churches, colleges, canals, and bridges, demonstrating their early role in supporting community development and public welfare. Revenue Stream of Lotteries Lotteries generate substantial income primarily through ticket and scratch card sales. The pricing strategy for these tickets is key—they are affordable enough to attract a wide audience yet priced high enough to ensure profitability. Major lotteries like Powerball and Mega Millions, known for their massive jackpots, exemplify this strategy, as their lottery tickets are priced at $2. The allure of such life-changing sums drives massive ticket sales, leading to significant revenue generation. However, the revenue is mainly dependent on the jackpot offered. Let’s take the sales number of Powerball tickets as an example. For the draw on the 11th of October 2023, the jackpot rose to an astounding $1.764 billion, and the draw sales amounted to almost $258.5 million. Somebody won the jackpot that day, and it was reset for the following draw, equalling “only” $20 million. The draw sales were much smaller in comparison (almost $30.4 million) and the sales kept dropping down in the following draws because of the smaller prize money. Scratch cards offer a different but stable income stream. They are less about gigantic windfalls and more about instant gratification with smaller, more frequent payouts. However, the revenue is nevertheless substantial. For example, The National Lottery brought in over £2.4 billion in scratch card sales in 2020. With the addition of online scratch cards, these types of lottery games are very accessible to the public leading to large revenues from customer engagement. Role of Taxation in Lotteries The benefactors of large lottery revenue shares are the state and federal governments. The US lottery revenue in the past 45 years has consistently risen. For instance, the government collected $31.22 billion in 2021. This is not surprising as the US imposes high lottery taxes on winnings, including both state and federal taxes in some states. In the United States, lottery winnings are subject to both federal and state taxes, and the rates can vary considerably based on the state where the ticket was purchased. Federally, lottery winnings are treated as income, with the top federal tax rate being 37% for winnings over a certain amount. State taxes on lottery winnings, however, vary widely. Some states, like California and Pennsylvania, exempt lottery winnings from state income taxes, whereas others, such as New York, can impose a state tax rate of up to 8.82%. Additionally, cities and counties may levy their own taxes on lottery winnings. For instance, New York City adds a municipal tax of up to 3.876%. This disparity in tax rates means that the net amount a jackpot winner takes home can differ substantially depending on their location. For example, a $100 million jackpot could net a winner in California significantly more than a winner in New York, purely due to the differences in state tax rates. The Allocation of Lottery Profits Lottery revenues are allocated in multiple ways, balancing prize distribution, operational costs, and contributions to public funds. A significant portion of the revenue is dedicated to prize money, ensuring the attractiveness of the game. Operational costs, including marketing, administration, and sales, require a revenue share, as they are vital for streamlining the whole process. Looking at real-world examples, the UK National Lottery and EuroMillions offer insights into this allocation. A notable portion of their revenue is channeled into public funds and charities. The UK National Lottery, for instance, contributes to various public sectors, including arts, sports, heritage, and community projects, demonstrating a commitment to societal benefit. Similarly, EuroMillions supports a range of charitable causes and community initiatives across participating countries. These practices push the ethical aspect of lottery fund distribution to the forefront. By contributing to public welfare and charities, lotteries are not just gambling platforms but also contributors to societal development. This revenue allocation model has been praised for its support of public services and scrutinized for potentially exploiting vulnerable groups. The ethical balance lies in ensuring that lotteries operate transparently and contribute significantly to the public good while promoting responsible gambling. A Breakdown of The Biggest Lotteries in the US and UK The lottery landscape is filled with numerous games, but a few stand out due to their immense popularity, substantial jackpots, and wide player base. The Powerball, Mega Millions, and The National Lottery of the United Kingdom are among these leading lotteries, each unique in its structure and impact. Next, we take a look at what the odds are of winning any of these lotteries, the biggest jackpots they’ve offered, and how profits are distributed. US PowerballUS Mega MillionsUK National LotteryOdds of winningApproximately 1 in 292.2 million1 in 302.6 million1 in 45 millionRecord jackpot$2.04 billion$1.537 billion£66,070,646 (Lotto)Distribution of profits50% - prize pool35% - charitable causes6% - retailers commission9% - operational costs50% - prize pool35% - charitable causes6% - retailers commission9% - operational costs53% - prize pool25% - charitable causes12% - UK Government4% - retailers commission5% - operational costs Fair Revenue Distribution is the Name of the Game in State-Run Lotteries From the record-breaking $2.04 billion Powerball jackpot, with the winner raking in $628 million, to the steady income from scratch card sales, lotteries generate substantial revenue. However, the broader impact of these profits extends beyond mere financial figures. Lotteries play a pivotal role in funding public welfare programs but also raise ethical questions, particularly concerning their impact on lower-income groups. While lotteries contribute to state and national economies, their overall economic impact is more nuanced, often representing a smaller fraction of total revenues and not being a definitive solution to larger economic challenges. As we look into the future, one can't help but wonder how technological advancements and changes in gambling laws will shape the lottery landscape. Will the ethical and economic discussions surrounding lotteries evolve with these changes? How will the balance between societal benefit and responsible gambling be maintained in an ever-evolving digital world and the popularization of online casinos? These are questions worth pondering as we consider the future of lotteries and their place in our societies.

With simple gameplay and minimal skill, online baccarat is a game of chance that has thrilled the crowds for decades. Rising to fame after being featured as James Bond’s table game of choice in the novels of Ian Flemming, today baccarat is one of the most sought-after games at land-based and online casinos alike. Traditionally speaking, there are 14 seats at a baccarat table numbered one to 15, with seat number 13 intentionally omitted for superstitious reasons. Online baccarat is generally played with six or eight decks of card, and the name is said to come from the old Italian word ‘baccara’ which translates to ‘zero’, referring to the zero card value face cards and tens have in this exciting game. If you’re looking to learn how to play online baccarat, you’ve come to the right place. Join us in exploring everything this game has to offer while discovering whether it’s the right game for you next time you hit your favourite online casino – let’s get right to it. [sigma-mt-blog-post-play recordids="643575,503339"] A Brief History of Baccarat The origins of online baccarat are somewhat unclear, with some saying that the French actually developed Baccarat sometime around the 19th century. The first mention of this was published in a 1847 book by Charles Van Tenac and is referred to as Baccarat Banque or Baccarat à Deux Tableaux. One popular online baccarat variation is known as Baccarat Chemin de Fer, which translates to ‘railway baccarat’. An even more simplified form of the game is known as Punto Banco, which is said to have originated in a casino in Havana, Cuba. There are also several versions with regards to the meaning of the name and its origins. The most popular belief is that the word stems from the Italian word ‘baccara’ as mentioned earlier on in this online baccarat guide, however there is no clear proof of this either. Seeing that most references point to France, it might very well be that the game actually originated there, with game historian Thierry Depaulis claiming the name actually originates from an expression used in the Provence region, fa bacarrat, which translates to ‘go bankrupt’! [get-play-banner] Types of Online Baccarat When it comes to playing online baccarat, there are a number of variations you’re able to play. In today’s online baccarat guide we’re about to highlight some of the most popular variants among casino players, which include: Punto Banco Baccarat Banque / Baccarat à Deux Tableaux Chemin de Fer   Punto Banco This is probably one of the most popular versions, currently played in most of the world especially in Asian casinos amongst high rollers. Although several players are known to bet on the outcome, this online baccarat variation is essentially a game between the ‘player’ and the ‘banker’. The only choice that’s left to the player is what side they’d rather bet on, with the outcome of the game left to pure chance. In this case, a number of 52-card decks are shuffled together, and for the purpose of the game every card rank is assigned a different numerical value as mentioned earlier on, with number cards and Aces worth their same value in terms of points, and tens and face cards worth zero points. Two cards are dealt to both the player and the banker and the dealer will call out the score. Depending on the score, both sides are now able to stand or request a third card should the total be five points or less. Whenever the player stands the banker will follow suit, hitting whenever his/her hand is five or less in value and standing on anything over six.   Baccarat Banque / Baccarat à Deux Tableaux As far as we know, this is the original form of 19th century baccarat, with the earliest descriptions mentioning this exact same version. In this case, Baccarat Banque is played using three decks of 52 cards and is somewhat similar to Chemin de Fer which we’ll discuss in the section below in this online baccarat guide. In this case, however, the banker is allowed to play further while the player position will remain fixed. Just like the name suggests, in this case you’ve got two sides to the table, with the player assigned to the left- and right-hand side of the banker. In this case, one hand is assigned to the players on the right, another to the players on the left, and a third to the banker who sits in the middle. In this case, both sides of the table will play against the banker and not compete against each other.   Chemin de Fer Another popular online baccarat variation is the Chemin de Fer which was originally created to include the dealer’s choice with players taking turn to act as the banker during their gameplay. This version was featured in early James Bond films, namely Casino Royale and in contrast to the Punto Banco variation, both the player as well as the banker are not always able to draw a third card. The main difference with this variant is that Chemin de Fer generally requires at least six players at the table, and the dealer is equipped with a long wooden paddle which allows him/her to move the casino chips and cards to the far end of the table. Once again, two hands are dealt; one to the player and the other to the banker, with the player to the right of the dealer able to be the first banker, after which this will rotate in a counter clockwise fashion around the online baccarat table.   General Rules of Online Baccarat If you’re looking to learn how to play baccarat, the first thing you’re going to want to keep in mind is what we’ve already mentioned above; tens and face cards are worth zero points, while the Ace all the way through the Nine will retain their numeric value. Each game round will begin with the dealer dealing four cards face up – two to the banker, and two to the player. The aim of the game here is to bet on a hand that’s closest to nine points in total. Whenever the card total exceeds this value, (e.g. 7+7 = 14), then the first number is dropped, leaving you with a total hand value of four in this case for example. The aim of the game is to guess which hand will be closer to nine in value and placing your bet on it before the cards are dealt. There are also another couple of online baccarat tips you’re going to want to keep in mind before hitting the table. These include: Whenever the banker or the player is dealt an eight or a nine, then both hands will stand. Whenever the player’s hand is equal to five points or less, then s/he is able to stand or request a third card. If the player chooses to stand, then the banker is required to hit on a total of five points or less. As a general rule, banker and player hands pay 1:1, whereas if you were to choose to bet on the tie and win, then you can expect an 8:1 payout in return. There are also a number of online resources available to help you keep track of your gameplay. [sigma-mt-blog-post-play recordids="643759,643626"] Online Baccarat Strategy Essentials If you’re looking to refine your skills in terms of online baccarat strategy, we’ve got you covered. The first thing you’re going to want to keep in mind is that online baccarat is game of chance, which means that technically you’re slightly limited in the ways you’re able to increase your chances of winning apart from the obvious, which includes ignoring the tie bet option which, statistically speaking, is the rarest form of outcome. When first learning how to play online baccarat, most would recommend always betting on the banker, which offers a more attractive betting option than betting on the player. Because the nature of online baccarat is entirely random, standard casino betting systems such as the Martingale or the Fibonacci system do not always perform favourably, and are not always recommended when it comes to this sort of game. In essence: It’s generally preferred to bet on banker Never bet on a tie unless you’re feeling particularly lucky Look for games played with fewer decks Make sure you’ve completely understood the rules   How Live Dealer Baccarat Works The classic game of baccarat has entertained the crowds for centuries, so with the advent of online casino, evolving into live online baccarat felt like the next natural step. If you’ve never played live online baccarat before, it’s pretty much the closest thing to a brick and mortar casino experience you’re able to enjoy from the comfort of your home. In this case, you can expect to enter a number of online baccarat tables that are hosted by a real-life dealer with real decks of cards. Thanks to the latest high definition streaming technology, along with multiple high-tech cameras, you’re able to take a virtual seat at the table and watch the action unfold in real time as it’s being broadcast from a series of casino studios from around the world. When playing live online baccarat, as opposed to the digital version, you will always be presented with real cards rather than virtual representations. You’ve also got the peace of mind in knowing that its impossible to rig this sort of game, since everything is happening while you watch. Having said so, reputable casinos are always licensed and regulated, which means that there are already third parties in place monitoring game transparency and fairness, but if you’ve ever had any doubts whatsoever with regards to online baccarat, live online baccarat is able to dispel these notions. If you’re tempted to learn how to play online baccarat at a live casino table, then you’re going to want to have the basics covered. Mostly because live casino games include the additional element of a messaging function that allows players to communicate amongst each other as well as directly with the dealer. The game interface for this form of online baccarat includes a similar setting to the one found in the classic casino game, allowing players to place their wagers and purchase additional chips. One of the handiest online baccarat tips when it comes to live casino actually, is that some live casino tables allow players to observe the game rather than play straight away. This will allow you to get a better feel of what to expect before diving right into the game straight away. [sigma-mt-blog-post-play recordids="472997"] Top Baccarat Casinos If you’re looking to put your online baccarat strategy to work, here are some of our favourite casinos that offer this thrilling game. These include the following, in no particular order: Videoslots Casino Twin Casino Riobet Casino Spin Pug Casino PlayOJO Casino   Videoslots Casino Positioning itself as the world’s largest online casino, Videoslots offers its players a selection of formidable games including the latest and greatest slots, video poker, roulette, blackjack, poker, jackpot games, scratch cards, bingo, and of course live and virtual online baccarat games. Sign up is free and simple and new players are treated to a 100% bonus up to €200 on their first deposit as part of their Welcome Bonus.   Twin Casino Offering over 2,000 casino games and customer support around the clock, Twin Casino is a massively established European casino that’s regulated by the Malta Gaming Authority. 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Offering a grand selection of games which includes craps, keno, scratch cards, bingo, casino slots, and table games such as poker, roulette and online baccarat, RioBet Casino keeps things nice and simple and allows new players to kick off their casino experience with 15 free spins after sign up with no deposit required, as well as a Welcome Bonus that includes a 100% bonus up to €1,000.   SpinPug Casino Marketing itself as the cutest casino around, SpinPug Casino is regulated by the gaming authorities in Curaçao and offers over 2,500 top quality casino games from some of the best software providers out there. Offering a wide variety of games including slots, jackpot games, bingo, scratch cards, and of course table games such as roulette, blackjack, poker, and online baccarat, here’s an online casino that’s offering a generous 500% match bonus up to €100 as part of its Welcome Bonus. 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Mastering the art of surrendering in blackjack is a crucial component of any player's strategy. By knowing when to surrender, you can significantly reduce losses and enhance your overall gains. However, the key lies in understanding the precise moments when this tactic is most beneficial. In this article, we'll look at the concept of surrendering in blackjack and explain the situations when it makes sense to do it to increase your chances of winning. The Basics of Surrendering So, what does surrender mean in blackjack? Well, surrender allows you to fold and lose only half of the initial bet. This option is available after the initial deal but before any additional cards are drawn. Opting for surrender means you concede defeat, forfeiting the opportunity to win that round while mitigating a potentially bigger loss. However, it's important to note that not all casinos or blackjack variations offer this option. Still, when it is available, it can be a valuable asset in your strategy. The decision to surrender is typically based on the strength of the dealer's up-card and the player's hand. The blackjack surrender strategy suggests that if a player has a weak hand and the dealer's up-card is a 9, 10, or an ace, it may be beneficial to surrender. In such scenarios, the dealer is more likely to have a strong hand, possibly even a natural blackjack, diminishing your chances of winning with a weaker hand. By surrendering strategically, you can minimize losses when the odds are not in your favor and conserve your resources for rounds where your hand is stronger and more likely to win. Ultimately, understanding when to surrender in blackjack can be an important component of a player's overall strategy, which will, in turn, help them make more calculated decisions at the table. Early Surrender Early surrender in blackjack, while not commonly offered in most casinos, is a strategic choice that allows players to fold before the dealer checks for blackjack. This option enables you to lose only half of your bet, irrespective of whether the dealer has a natural blackjack. This means that you can save money in situations where you have a weak hand, and the dealer's up-card is a strong card like a 10 or an ace. For example, if you have a hard 16 against a dealer's 10 up-card, you're likely to lose the hand since this is a difficult position for every player. In this case, opting for early surrender to mitigate your losses is a wise decision. This choice is often more favorable than risking the entire wager. Early surrender may seem like a logical move, but it's vital to keep in mind that it's not always the best option. There are situations where it's more advantageous to play out the hand, hoping to improve it with additional cards. Early surrender is not a one-size-fits-all solution but a tactical tool to be used judiciously. Late Surrender Late surrender in blackjack allows you to surrender a hand and lose only half of your original bet after the dealer checks for blackjack. Typically, it's a more common option than early surrender. Similar to early surrender, the decision to opt for late surrender should be based on the strength of your hand versus the dealer's up-card. For example, if you have a hard 16 and the dealer's face-up card is a 9, 10, or an ace, surrendering the hand might be a good option to cut losses in half. It's important to keep in mind, however, that not all surrender options are the same. Let's take the hard 16 again as an example, but the dealer's face-up card is a 7 or 8. In that case, it's a better option to continue playing because there's a greater chance for the dealer to go bust. As you can see, there's no foolproof recipe. This strategy requires careful consideration of each situation and the cards. Check for Blackjack Surrender Rules It's important to keep in mind that not all casinos offer surrender as an option. Even if they do, there might be restrictions and variations. For instance, some casinos may offer only early surrender, which can be done only before the dealer checks for blackjack. This option can be particularly advantageous in situations where the player anticipates a strong dealer's hand. Others may offer only late surrender, which can be done only after the dealer checks for blackjack. Late surrender is more common and often considered a more conservative approach, as it allows players to assess the dealer's initial hand strength before making a decision. Most casinos accept hand signals for surrendering. To indicate that you want to surrender, place your cards on the table and use your index finger to draw a horizontal line. That will signal to the dealer that you want to surrender your hand. In addition, some casinos may restrict the use of surrender to specific blackjack types and tables, while others may limit the number of times a player can surrender during a single game. This restriction is often based on the house rules or the betting limits of the table. High-stakes tables, for instance, might have different surrender options compared to lower-stakes games. Furthermore, when you play blackjack online, some tables don't offer this option. Therefore, it's recommended to check the rules and regulations with the casino you're interested in before you start playing. This can involve checking the casino's website, consulting with the dealer or a floor manager, or reading the rules at a particular blackjack table. To Surrender or Not to Surrender in Blackjack Early and late surrender can be important components of a blackjack strategy. However, mastering blackjack requires a holistic approach that encompasses various aspects of the game. Generally, early surrender is often seen as a more advantageous option compared to late surrender. This is because a blackjack game that includes early surrender tends to have a lower house edge, offering a slight advantage to the player. Still, many experienced gamblers advise against surrendering in blackjack, claiming that it's better to focus on developing a solid strategy. The rationale is that while surrendering can be a useful tool in specific situations, relying on it heavily can detract from the development of other important skills and strategies in blackjack. Therefore, it's important to view surrendering as a strategic choice rather than a habitual fallback. It should be an informed decision made in the context of each hand, considering the strength of your hand, the dealer's up-card, and the overall flow of the game.